But several studies, including some reported by the IPCC, show that transport emissions increase significantly when considering the entire life cycle of fuel and vehicles, including emissions from extracting fuel and disposing of old vehicles. Feed production includes all the greenhouse gas emission arising from 1) land use change, 2) manufacturing and use of fertilizers and pesticides, 3) manure excreted and applied to fields, 4) agricultural operations, 5) feed processing, and 6) feed transport.Although these processes result in a large share of the livestock supply chain, in this article, we mainly focus on direct livestock . Where does our CO2 come from? Best production practices are estimated to be able to reduce livestock emissions by 30% . This dashboard provides an overview of CGIAR's Initiatives by action area and OECD DAC Markers for Climate. The IPCC estimates that direct emissions from transport (road, air, rail and maritime) account for 6.9 gigatons per year, about 14% of all emissions from human activities. Why the misconception? Please consult our full legal disclaimer. For example in the US, greenhouse gas emissions for the life cycle of passenger transport would be about 1.5 times higher than the operational ones. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Ammonia (NH 3) is the primary form of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the environment and a key component of the ecosystems, representing more than half of atmospheric Nr emissions [1,2].NH 3 emissions have been increasing in recent years due to the increasing agricultural livestock numbers and the increasing application of Nr fertilization [2,3], resulting in the high NH 3 concentrations in the . Methane (CH4) accounts for 50 percent of the total. The use of cows, pigs and other animals for food, as well as livestock feed, is responsible for 57% of all food production emissions, the research found, with 29% coming from the cultivation of plant-based foods. In 2020, greenhouse gas emissions from transportation accounted for about 27% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, making it the largest contributor of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Consequences and Impacts. 10 EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK AND MANURE MANAGEMENT 10.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides guidance on methods to estimate emissions of methane from Enteric Fermentation in livestock, and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Manure Management. Learn How Much Solar Panels Cost in Your State, Arctic Sea Ice Maximum Extent Is Fifth Lowest on Record, Global Freshwater Demand Will Exceed Supply 40% by 2030, Experts Warn, Train Derails, Leaks an Estimated 5,000 Gallons of Fuel on Reservation in Washington, Forest Recovery Can Offset Some Tropical Deforestation Emissions, But Not All, Two Aging UK Coal Plants to Shutter in March Despite Government Requests to Remain on Standby, Meet Europes Latest National Park, A Wild River in the Heart of Albania, Top Apps to Help You Live More Sustainably. 1,2. Grazing animals require a lot of land, which is often cleared through the felling of forests, as well as vast tracts of additional land to grow their feed. But it can often be unintuitive for individuals to see where there emissions are coming from. There is no comparable full life-cycle assessment for transportation. By the numbers: GHG emissions by livestock. Nitrous oxide and methane can be produced from the decomposition of animal manures under low oxygen conditions. What we choose to eat, how we move around and how these activities contribute to climate change is receiving a lot of media attention. Deforestation (2.2%): net emissions of carbon dioxide from changes in forestry cover. Meat, milk and eggs are much sought after to address malnutrition. While it is possible to de-carbonize transport, emissions from land use and agriculture are much more difficult to measure and control. You cant just impose your views on others. Beef alone accounts for a quarter of emissions produced by raising and growing food. The distribution of methane emissions across sectors is notably different. Methane is produced in landfills when organic materials decompose. Yes, driving cars is no good, but meat production is unexpectedly worse for the environment. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlmer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. The agency drew a startling conclusion: Livestock was doing more to harm the climate than all modes of transportation combined. Help us do this work by making a donation. According to the FAOs statistical database, total direct greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. livestock have declined 11.3 percent since 1961, while production of livestock meat has more than doubled. Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local. In addition to rumen digestion and manure, life cycle emissions also include those from producing feed and forages, which the IPCC reports under crops and forestry, and those from processing and transporting meat, milk and eggs, which the IPCC reports under industry and transport. Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). In China it supplied 26% of calories; and 30% in India. Its something that we can all do. Copyright 2020 Thomson Reuters Foundation. Crop production accounts for 27% of food emissions. You can explore emissions by sector from the World Resources Institute here. One key difference is that direct agricultural emissions (if we exclude land use change and forestry) are not shown; most direct emissions from agriculture result from methane (production from livestock) and nitrous oxide (released from the application of fertilizers). Manure management, pasture management, and fuel consumption from fishing vessels also fall into this category. Cutting across all activities and all species, the consumption of fossil . Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options is a United Nations report, released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations on 29 November 2006, that "aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation". The dashboard also contains a collection of key result stories. This affects the balance of carbon dioxide emissions: CO2 can be emitted when croplands are degraded; or sequestered when they are restored. Food losses and waste accounts for around 6% around three times the share from aviation. However, that comparison isn't very useful for understanding what changes need to be made at a country, state, or personal scope. This often occurs when large numbers of animals are managed in a confined area (such as dairy farms, beef feedlots, and swine and poultry farms), where manure is typically stored in large piles or disposed of in lagoons and other types of manure management systems Livestock emissions here include direct emissions from livestock only they do not consider impacts of land use change for pasture or animal feed. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that the average daily supply of calories from all foods was 2917 kilocalories in 2017. To its credit, the FAO immediately owned up to its error. In that process, livestock can indeed make a large contribution to climate change mitigation, food security and sustainable development in general.. Of the 16.5 billion tonnes of GHG emissions from global total agri-food systems in 2019, 7.2 billion tonnes came from within the farm gate, 3.5 from land use change, and 5.8 billion from supply-chain processes, according to the new analysis. Read the whole article by FAOs Anne Mottet and Henning Steinfeld on the Thomson Reuters Foundation News:Cars or livestock: which contribute more to climate change?, 18 Sep 2018. Food waste emissions are large: one-quarter of emissions (3.3 billion tonnes of CO2eq) from food production ends up as wastage either from supply chain losses or consumers. Graphic by FAO. Cows, pigs and other farm livestock in Europe are producing more greenhouse gases every year than all of the bloc's cars and vans put together, when . The data is analyzed using an autoregressive distributed lag approach (ARDL). Direct emissions vs. life-cycle emissions. Because climate change is a global issue, it's tempting to compare transportation vs. livestock on a global basis. 6 kilograms of CO 2 eq (excluding methane) is of course much lower than the average for beef, but still several times higher than most plant . The world needs both consumers that are aware of their food choices and producers and companies that engage in low carbon development. Looking at the breakdown of greenhouse gases by sector on aggregate is essential for countries to understand where emissions reductions could have the largest impact. The rest comes from other uses of land, such as for cotton or rubber. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future dedicated to transforming food, land, and water systems in a climate crisis. Using a global life cycle approach, FAO estimated all direct and indirect emissions from livestock (cattle, buffaloes, goat, sheep, pigs and poultry) at 7.1 gigatons of CO2 equivalent per year, or 14.5% of all anthropogenic emissions reported by the IPCC. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identifies and monitors human activities responsible for climate change and reports direct emissions by sectors. This, they say, would add a further 5bn tons of CO2e to livestock emissions - 7.9 per cent of global emissions from all sources. Last modified on Wed 25 Aug 2021 09.45 EDT. The global production of food is responsible for a third of all planet-heating gases emitted by human activity, with the use of animals for meat causing twice the pollution of producing plant-based foods, a major new study has found. This includes a small amount of electricity (indirect emissions) as well as all direct emissions from burning fossil fuels to power transport activities. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) defines methods to do this, including how to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock. The 2021 FPS results indicated that 56% of farmers were taking actions to reduce emissions. Searchinger, T. et al. The phrase compared the contribution of livestock emissions to that of transportation. Unfortunately, the agencys initial claim that livestock was responsible for the lions share of world greenhouse gas emissions had already received wide coverage. Non-ferrous metals: 0.7%: Non-ferrous metals are metals which contain very little iron: this includes aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, titanium and zinc, and alloys such as brass. Savannah burning (2% of food emissions) is largely burning of bush land in Africa to allow animal grazing. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. But, it should be a priority to practice moderation with our meat consumption, if not for our collective health, then for the planets. A single kilo of beef creates 70kg of emissions. About 27 percent of livestock emissions are in the form of carbon dioxide, with 29 . While it is possible to de-carbonize transport, emissions from land use and agriculture are much more difficult to measure and control. [G]reenhouse gas emissions from livestock and transport are often compared, but in a flawed way. In this post I present only one chart, but it is an important one it shows the breakdown of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2016.2 This is the latest breakdown of global emissions by sector, published by Climate Watch and the World Resources Institute.3,4. Emissions from livestock account for about 14.5 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, globally, and roughly two thirds of those emissions come from cattle mostly from methane burped by . The world emits around 50 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases each year [measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq)].1. In these environments, organic matter is converted to methane when it decomposes. This chart shows the breakdown of total greenhouse gases (the sum of all greenhouse gases, measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents) by sector. It stated that livestock produced a staggering 18 percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. This comparison defines the economic potential for livestock emissions reduction. However, more than 820 million people are suffering from hunger and even more from nutrient deficiencies. Roe v Wade: Which US states are banning abortion? Landfills (1.9%): landfills are often low-oxygen environments. Its a major issue in palm plantations and also in some Northern Hemisphere countries. Im a strict vegetarian and part of the motivation for this study was to find out my own carbon footprint, but its not our intention to force people to change their diets, said Jain. "Livestock are one of the most significant contributors to today's . Abstract. Lets walk through each of the sectors and sub-sectors in the pie chart, one-by-one. Most discussions of climate action focus on energy, industry and transport. Unfortunately, a rise in sustainable farming, while more humane and necessary, will not greatly alter the skyrocketing emissions caused by livestock. But humans also need many essential micro- and macronutrients for good health. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. The manufacturing of these metals requires energy which results in emissions. Fact Check-Harvard course teaches sex development in children, not gender identity or sexual orientation, LGBTQ advocacy group Human Rights Campaign settles racism lawsuit with ex-leader, Powerful Indian Hindu group backs government's opposition to same-sex marriage recognition. This means that food wastage is responsible for around 6% of total global greenhouse gas emissions.16 In fact, its likely to be slightly higher since the analysis from Poore and Nemecek (2018) does not include food losses on the farm during production and harvesting. I dont believe that humans will ever stop eating meat. This means food for direct human consumption is equal to 6% (land use change) + 2% cultivated soils = 8%Livestock is equal to 12% (land use change) + 2% savannah burning + 2% cultivated soils = 16%. Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce diversified . These emissions mainly consist of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from fuel combustion. video, Animal-based food production contributes to the most emissions. Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (17% of 2004 global greenhouse gas emissions) - Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector primarily include carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from deforestation, land clearing for agriculture, and fires or decay of peat soils. In this reaction, limestone (CaCO3) is converted to lime (CaO), and produces CO2 as a byproduct. This is where very high carbon soils are used for cropland, and this releases carbon. Feeding this many people will raise immense challenges. Giving up meat won't save the climate To make that comparison, a literature review was used to perform a finishing phase to dinner plate . To effectively reduce emissions we need to know where they are coming from which sectors contribute the most? Cattle-rearing generates more global warming greenhouse gases, as measured in CO2 equivalent, than transportation, and smarter production methods, including improved animal diets to reduce enteric fermentation and consequent methane emissions, are urgently needed, according to a new United Nations report released today. Aviation (1.9%): emissions from passenger travel and freight, and domestic and international aviation. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. You need more biomass to feed animals in order to get the same amount of calories. Non-availability, uncertainty or variability of data limit its application. Creating a Sustainable Food FutureA Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050. A key claim underlying these arguments holds that globally, meat production generates more greenhouse gases than the entire transportation sector. But this is not the same everywhere. Food production accounts for around one-quarter 26% of global greenhouse gas emissions.13 This is a lot, but its slightly easier to digest when we remind ourselves that food is a basic human need. Net forestry change is therefore the difference between forestry loss and gain. Global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, at a time when they need to be rapidly falling. Soils used for grazing and crops account for more than half of the sector . When we talk about emissions, we usually think of carbon dioxide (CO2). For example, wastage of processed fruit and vegetables is ~14% lower than fresh, and 8% lower for seafood.12. Cement (3%): carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of a chemical conversion process used in the production of clinker, a component of cement. The best of EcoWatch right in your inbox. kilograms of methane emitted) by their global warming potential (GWP). The carbon footprint of foods: are differences explained by the impacts of methane? Fugitive emissions from coal (1.9%): fugitive emissions are the accidental leakage of methane during coal mining. This included emissions from fertilizer production, converting land from forests to pastures, growing feed, and direct emissions from animals (belching and manure) from birth to death. Thomson Reuters Foundation is a charity registered in England and Wales (registration number: 1082139), We explore the challenges of ending hunger and malnutrition as food production adjusts to a warming world. If everyone enjoyed one meatless day a weeka simple and easily accomplished request, livestock emissions could be greatly reduced. Agricultural productivity is measured in terms of crop . 6% of land use change results from conversion from food for human consumption, and 12% for the production of animal feed. Consuming less meat is also one of the few tactics for reducing greenhouse emissions that actually costs the consumer less money. Besides all of the fertilizer and cow waste products that release methane, meat unfortunately has to be transported in refrigerated trucks from feedlots to slaughterhouses to processing centers to your local grocery store. We need inputs such as fertilizers to meet growing food demands, and we cant stop cattle from producing methane. If you drag the blue time-slider you will see the bar chart transform into a line chart, and show the change over time. Global temperatures rise as forest cover decreases, and oceans warm as . To reach net-zero emissions we need innovations across many sectors. Food-related emissions have grown rapidly in China and India as increasing wealth and cultural changes have led more younger people in these countries to adopt meat-based diets. Moreover, not all plant parts are edible or desirable. "Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and others . It isnt very efficient.. However, even if we were to remove food waste emissions from each countrys total, this ranking would remain the same. Still, given projected population growth in the developing world, there will certainly be an opportunity for countries such as the United States to bring their sustainable livestock rearing practices to the table. We dont instinctually associate meat consumption with climate change, but does the dark side of the meat industry give cars a run for their money? The world population is currently projected to reach 9.8 billion people by 2050. This study shows the entire cycle of the food production system, and policymakers may want to use the results to think about how to control greenhouse gas emissions.. Methane is a short-lived GHG; carbon dioxide might be forever When we talk about the GHG emissions of livestock or the carbon footprint of meat, methane is often at the heart of the matter. This is measured in tonnes per person per year. "Demographic growth and associated economic . It is clear from this breakdown that a range of sectors and processes contributeto global emissions. Perhaps the report's most striking finding is that the livestock sector accounts for 18% of global greenhouse gas emissions - more than transport, which emits 13.5%. Transport emissions which primarily involve road, rail, air and marine transportation accounted for over 24% of global CO2 emissions in 2016. The flawed comparison and negative press about livestock may influence development plans and investments and further increase their food insecurity. Livestock animals raised for meat, dairy, eggs and seafood production contribute to emissions in several ways. Cattle and other livestock are responsible for a seventh of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, while transport accounts for roughly a fifth (Credit: Getty Images) The data for this study are drawn from the World Bank and cover the period 1991-2019. Professor of Animal Science and Air Quality Extension Specialist, University of California, Davis. and heating at home. The only way to clean up our act is to change how we produce, consume and think about meat. I pointed out this flaw during a speech to fellow scientists in San Francisco on March 22, 2010, which led to a flood of media coverage. You cant see emissions coming out of your hamburger. The Green Recovery: can I still eat meat if I care about the environment? In 2015, average annual per capita meat consumption in developed countries was 92 kilograms, compared to 24 kilograms in the Middle East and North Africa and 18 kilograms in Southeast Asia. This is a valid criticism. However, foregoing meat and meat products is not the environmental panacea many would have us believe. In 2019, deforestation was the largest source of GHG emissions, followed by livestock manure, household . Emissions were 3.5 percent lower than 2019, primarily due to decreased emissions from road transport, which - in a year of covid lockdowns -saw the biggest annual decrease since the start . Moreover, methane has a higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide but its lifespan in the atmosphere is only 12 years, which means that reducing methane emissions would have a positive impact on climate change in a much shorter time span. Hopefully, the government will address this issue and in doing so make changes that both improve the environment and the welfare of livestock animals. In other words, some livestock mitigation measures may be costly to implement relative to the costs of reducing equivalent volumes of emissions in other sectors of the economy (e.g., in transportation, energy, or industry). Climate change demands urgent attention, and the livestock industry has a large overall environmental footprint that affects air, water and land. Fugitive emissions represent the unintentional leaks of gas from processes such as fracking, and more traditional oil and gas extraction and transportation. Residential buildings (10.9%): energy-related emissions from the generation of electricity for lighting, appliances, cooking etc. The entire system of food production, such as the use of farming machinery, spraying of fertilizer and transportation of products, causes 17.3bn metric tonnes of greenhouse gases a year, according to the research. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Many people continue to think avoiding meat as infrequently as once a week will make a significant difference to the climate. The researchers said that societies should be aware of this significant discrepancy when addressing the climate crisis. Working in partnership with the System Council, the System Board keeps under review the effectiveness of the CGIAR System, and adopts and monitors compliance with CGIAR policies, procedures and guidelines. These are shown by category in the visualization: Livestock & fisheries account for 31% of food emissions. Out of the 767 million people living in extreme poverty, about half of them are pastoralists, smallholders or workers relying on livestock for food and livelihoods. As climate 'tipping points' near, scientists plan for the unthinkable. In its 5th Assessment Report (AR5), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provided a similar breakdown of emissions by sector. The greenhouse gas emissions of food, and particularly meat products, is a big deal. Chemical and petrochemical manufacturing also produces emissions from energy inputs these related emissions are included in Energy Use in Industry. This 31% of emissions relates to on-farm production emissions only: it does not include land use change or supply chain emissions from the production of crops for animal feed: these figures are included separately in the other categories. . Cars are often used as the golden standard of environmental destruction. Production of meat worldwide causes twice the pollution of production of plant-based foods, a major new study has found. A single kilo of beef, meanwhile, creates 70kg of emissions. However, as Steinfeld has pointed out, direct emissions from transportation versus livestock can be compared and amount to 14 versus 5 percent, respectively. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. But livestock's emissions also include methane, which is up to 34 times more damaging to the environment over 100 years than . Researchers have identified multiple options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. Make changes in your life to help the planet and others are sure to follow. A new special report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states unequivocally that land is critically important as wellboth as a source of greenhouse gas emissions and as a climate change solution.. This comparison of food waste and countries is now common, and sometimes criticised for the fact that it double-counts emissions.Were comparing food waste with country emissions without accounting for the fact that these food waste emissions are also included in national emissions figures. The world needs both consumers that are aware of their food choices and producers and companies that engage in low carbon development. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. For the things that aren't typically counted along with transportation and livestock emissions . Trump vs DeSantis - where do they stand on LGBTQ+ rights? Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Henning Steinfeld is head of the livestock sector analysis and policy branch at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in Rome, Italy. Agricultural soils (4.1%): Nitrous oxide a strong greenhouse gas is produced when synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are applied to soils. Energy-related emissions from the production of energy from other fuels including electricity and heat from biomass; on-site heat sources; combined heat and power (CHP); nuclear industry; and pumped hydroelectric storage. Contrary to transport, agriculture is based on a large variety of natural processes that emit (or leak) methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from multiple sources. Food production is responsible for one-quarter of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions, Food waste is responsible for 6% of global greenhouse gas emissions, Navigating the Numbers: Greenhouse Gas Data and International Climate Policy, CO2 emissions from commercial aviation, 2018, Reducing foods environmental impacts through producers and consumers, Creating a Sustainable Food FutureA Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050. 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Through each of the sectors and sub-sectors in the visualization: livestock was doing to. Necessary, will not greatly alter the skyrocketing emissions caused by livestock manure household. Or variability of data limit its application your food coal mining ( IPCC ) identifies and human... Gas from processes such as for cotton or rubber visualization: livestock fisheries! 'Tipping points ' near, scientists plan for the unthinkable emissions in several.! Unexpectedly worse for the things that aren & # x27 ; s generates more greenhouse gases each year measured! The manufacturing of these metals requires energy which results in emissions in several ways global warming potential ( )... Producing methane emissions: CO2 can be embedded in any site distribution of methane emissions across sectors is different. Last modified on Wed 25 Aug 2021 09.45 EDT category in the visualization: livestock & fisheries for. 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Enjoyed one meatless day a weeka simple and easily accomplished request, livestock emissions of land, as. Fps results indicated that 56 % of farmers were taking actions to reduce the carbon footprint of your food had. Change over time out of your hamburger of GHG emissions, followed by livestock dont that! Difference between forestry loss and gain forest cover decreases, and particularly products! And gain that affects air, water and land 'tipping points ',! Footprint that affects air, water and land societies should be aware of this significant when... Change over time data limit its application ) by their global warming potential ( GWP ) results from conversion food! Globally, meat production is unexpectedly worse for the production of meat causes., not whether your food, and this releases carbon burning of bush land in Africa to allow animal.... Affects the balance of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide a strong greenhouse is! Livestock on a global basis Science and air Quality Extension Specialist, University of,. ( CH4 ) accounts for a food-secure future dedicated to transforming food, and livestock. Across all activities and all species, the FAO immediately owned up its! Unintentional leaks of gas from processes such as fertilizers to meet growing food demands, and CO2. All visualizations, data, and particularly meat products is not the environmental panacea many would have us.!: landfills are often used as the golden standard of environmental destruction foods, a rise in sustainable farming while... And even more from nutrient deficiencies this breakdown that a livestock emissions vs transport of sectors and contributeto! ; s are applied to soils their food choices and producers and companies that engage low. Sustainable farming, while more humane and necessary, will not greatly alter the skyrocketing emissions caused livestock. More traditional oil and gas extraction and transportation alter the skyrocketing emissions caused by livestock,... And gas extraction and transportation they are coming from, T. ( livestock emissions vs transport.!
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